Ozonized glycerin (OG)-based cosmetic products lighten age spots on human facial skin.

BACKGROUND: Few cosmetic ingredients are shown to be able to safely remove or lighten facial dark spots once they have formed. OG has been reported to possess oxidation power and exhibit various biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, and wound healing promotion. AIMS: This study aimed to clarify the effects of OG on human skin, especially on age spots on the face. METHODS: OG formulations (80 and 800 ppm) were mixed with synthetic melanin in vitro for 4 weeks and then assessed for its ability to degrade the melanin. OG also investigated its effect on gene expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers in vitro to explore the cell maturation. In clinical study for the evaluation of effects of OG formulations on age spots on facial skin, 48 women were measured for the melanin content of them by a Mexameter at 4 and 8 weeks after daily twice application of OG formulations. Adverse events were monitored during the study. RESULTS: Both OG formulations showed direct melanin degradation in a time-dependent manner, with significant effects observed as early as 6 h. OG formulation at 800 ppm showed higher activity than OG formulation at 80 ppm, and the amount of melanin was decreased by about 40% on Day 14 of the mixing reaction. Differentiation marker studies using human keratinocytes showed that the gene expression of involucrin and serine palmitoyltransferase was upregulated by OG, which was almost equivalent concentration to OG formulation 80 ppm, suggesting that OGs can enhance turnover of the skin epidermis. In clinical study, OG formulations 80 and 800 ppm showed larger decreases in melanin contents at 8 weeks compared with those at 4 weeks and their mean values of △melanin index were -16.7 and -15.2, respectively. Statistically significant differences were detected against respective controls. Number of subjects with a decrease in melanin index from baseline to 4 or 8 weeks increased in both OG formulations 80 and 800 ppm, especially prominent at 8 weeks. There were no adverse events related to treatments of OG 80 and 800 ppm during the study. CONCLUSION: The result indicated that applications of OG formulations are safe and effective in lightening age spots on the facial skin.

Optimization of fluorometric assay for ozone in solution.

Ozone is widely used for sterilization, deodorization, and cleaning. However, the effects of ozone on human are not well understood, because there is currently no reliable assay method for ozone. Therefore the accurate measurement of ozone is important for its safe use. Here, we report optimized conditions for use with fluorescein derivative 1 (probe 1). Under optimum conditions, probe 1 reacted with ozone quantitatively and specifically to generate a fluorescent substance with an excitation maximum at 493 nm and an emission maximum at 523 nm. We conclude that this assay will be useful for quantifying ozone in solution.